reinforcing conditioning
Research has found that the __________ becomes activated during challenging working-memory tasks.
A. limbic system
B. amygdala
C. frontal lobe
D. cerebellum
After Pavlov trained his dogs to respond to the sound of a bell by salivating, he might have decided to show the dogs a striped handkerchief each time he rang the bell. Eventually, the handkerchief would have been able to cause the dogs to salivate, even if the bell was not sounded. This is an example of __________ conditioning.
A. graduated
B. tertiary
C. second-order
D. elevated
Young Rachel is in her second-grade class, when the teacher announces a new challenge. “Every time you memorize a new poem and recite it before the entire class, you will get a gold star. As soon as you get twenty gold stars, you get to pick a prize out of the prize box!” The new star chart, a beautiful grid on multicolored poster board, is placed at the front of the class for all to see. Rachel immediately pulls out her reader and looks for a poem she can memorize. What type of conditioning has Rachel’s teacher used to help stimulate a memory-enhancing activity?
A. reinforcing conditioning
B. classical conditioning
C. vicarious conditioning
D. operant conditioning
Dr. Heritos watches with some amusement as her students struggle to find the right answers on their midterm exam, and her mind wanders to the parts of the brain that are involved in memory. As she sits in her chair proctoring the exam, which part of her brain is most active while she retrieves long-term memories?
A. the frontal lobe
B. the parietal lobe
C. the temporal lobe
D. the occipital lobe
I’ll never forget the day my daughter was born,” said Lakia’s mother. “I remember the people who were there, what they were wearing, how I felt, and the joy of seeing her for the first time!” Clearly, the birth of her daughter was a __________ to Lakia’s mother.
A. photographic
B. explicit
C. eidetic
D. flashbulb
__________ forgetting is a type of forgetting in which a person is specifically told to forget about certain information.
A. Requested
B. Demanded
C. Cued
D. Directed
The __________ distinction refers to the difference between what a person learns and its application on that particular day.
A. application-theory
B. learning-performance
C. diathetical
D. qualitative-quantitative
When two stimuli are associated to produce a reflexive response in an organism, that animal (or person. has demonstrated __________ conditioning.
A. classical
B. aversive
C. operant
D. associative
Which type of encoding tends to lead to the longest amount of retention?
A. visual encoding
B. auditory encoding
C. semantic encoding
D. iconic encoding
Which bit of evidence suggests that eidetic memory isn’t truly photographic?
A. The fact that eidetic memory can only recall concepts and not specific details.
B. The fact that eidetic memory can also apply to auditory stimuli.
C. The fact that eidetikers sometimes make errors.
D. The fact that eidetikers have a much greater chance of being color-blind.
__________ encoding is the process of encoding meaning.
A. Semantic
B. Sensory
C. Working
D. Interpretative
